haha =)
i have a project on the inventions, and I need help with a question.
for the computer, when and where was the first demonstration of a computer? plz help i can't find it anywhere
thank you so much!!!!
also, where was the first computer invented?!?!?
thank u so much!!!
Answer
i can tell you thatone of the first computer (what we now call computers although there were manual thinks like letter punches in the 1900s) was a super computer called collosus and was used as a decoder for the british in WWII. The americans claim to have made the first one but that is only because collosus is still a "war secret" and will never be admitted to existing officialy by the british government althoug you can see it in a museum. its 10 metres long!!! and takes 3 men 2 operateit!!!
here is some info on it:
(after this, anything by me is in capitals, the rest is carefully pasted from wikipedia.org)
The Colossus machines were early computing devices used by British codebreakers to read encrypted German messages during World War II. Colossus was an early binary electronic digital computer.
Colossus was designed by engineer Tommy Flowers at the Post Office Research Station, Dollis Hill with input from mathematician Max Newman and group at Bletchley park. The prototype, Colossus Mark I, was shown working in December 1943 and was operational at Bletchley Park by February 1944. An improved Colossus Mark II was first installed in June 1944, and ten Colossi had been constructed by the end of the war.
The Colossus computers were used to help decipher teleprinter messages which had been encrypted using the Lorenz SZ40/42 machine. Colossus compared two data streams, counting each match based on a programmable boolean function. The encrypted message was read at high speed from a paper tape. The other stream was generated internally, and was an electronic simulation of the Lorenz machine at various trial settings. If the match count for a setting was above a certain threshold, it would be output on an electric typewriter.
ANOTHER COMPUTER IS;
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was one of the first electronic digital computing device.[1] Conceived in 1937, the machine was capable of solving up to 29 simultaneous linear equations and was successfully tested, though its input/output mechanism was still unreliable in 1942 when its inventors left Iowa State College for World War II assignments. The ABC pioneered important elements of modern computing, including binary arithmetic and electronic switching elements,[2] but its special-purpose nature and lack of a changeable, stored program distinguish it from modern computers.
YET ANOTHER IS;
Konrad Zuse's Z3 was the first working programmable, fully automatic machine, whose attributes, with the addition of conditional branching, have often been the ones used as criteria in defining a computer. The Z3 was built with 2,000 relays, had a clock frequency of ~5â10 Hz, and a word length of 22 bits.[1] Calculations on the computer were performed in full binary floating point arithmetic.
The machine was completed in 1941 (on May 12 that year, it was successfully presented to an audience of scientists in Berlin). The original Z3 was destroyed in 1944 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin. A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by the originator's company Zuse KG and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum. In 1998 the Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete.
ANOTHER IS;
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer,[1] was the first large-scale, electronic, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems,[2] although earlier computers had been built with some of these properties. ENIAC was designed and built to calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory. The first problems run on the ENIAC however, were related to the design of the hydrogen bomb.
The contract was signed on June 5, 1943 and Project PX was constructed by the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering from July, 1943. It was unveiled on February 14, 1946 at Penn, having cost almost $500,000. ENIAC was shut down on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade, and was transferred to the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947. There, on July 29 of that year, it was turned on and would be in continuous operation until 11:45 p.m. on October 2, 1955.
ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania. The patent for the ENIAC, granted in 1964, was voided by the 1973 decision of the landmark federal court case Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, putting the invention of the electronic digital computer in the public domain.
I WOULD SAY THAT THE Z3 AND COLLOSUS R DA BEST EXAMPLES!!!
GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
i can tell you thatone of the first computer (what we now call computers although there were manual thinks like letter punches in the 1900s) was a super computer called collosus and was used as a decoder for the british in WWII. The americans claim to have made the first one but that is only because collosus is still a "war secret" and will never be admitted to existing officialy by the british government althoug you can see it in a museum. its 10 metres long!!! and takes 3 men 2 operateit!!!
here is some info on it:
(after this, anything by me is in capitals, the rest is carefully pasted from wikipedia.org)
The Colossus machines were early computing devices used by British codebreakers to read encrypted German messages during World War II. Colossus was an early binary electronic digital computer.
Colossus was designed by engineer Tommy Flowers at the Post Office Research Station, Dollis Hill with input from mathematician Max Newman and group at Bletchley park. The prototype, Colossus Mark I, was shown working in December 1943 and was operational at Bletchley Park by February 1944. An improved Colossus Mark II was first installed in June 1944, and ten Colossi had been constructed by the end of the war.
The Colossus computers were used to help decipher teleprinter messages which had been encrypted using the Lorenz SZ40/42 machine. Colossus compared two data streams, counting each match based on a programmable boolean function. The encrypted message was read at high speed from a paper tape. The other stream was generated internally, and was an electronic simulation of the Lorenz machine at various trial settings. If the match count for a setting was above a certain threshold, it would be output on an electric typewriter.
ANOTHER COMPUTER IS;
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was one of the first electronic digital computing device.[1] Conceived in 1937, the machine was capable of solving up to 29 simultaneous linear equations and was successfully tested, though its input/output mechanism was still unreliable in 1942 when its inventors left Iowa State College for World War II assignments. The ABC pioneered important elements of modern computing, including binary arithmetic and electronic switching elements,[2] but its special-purpose nature and lack of a changeable, stored program distinguish it from modern computers.
YET ANOTHER IS;
Konrad Zuse's Z3 was the first working programmable, fully automatic machine, whose attributes, with the addition of conditional branching, have often been the ones used as criteria in defining a computer. The Z3 was built with 2,000 relays, had a clock frequency of ~5â10 Hz, and a word length of 22 bits.[1] Calculations on the computer were performed in full binary floating point arithmetic.
The machine was completed in 1941 (on May 12 that year, it was successfully presented to an audience of scientists in Berlin). The original Z3 was destroyed in 1944 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin. A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by the originator's company Zuse KG and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum. In 1998 the Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete.
ANOTHER IS;
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer,[1] was the first large-scale, electronic, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems,[2] although earlier computers had been built with some of these properties. ENIAC was designed and built to calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory. The first problems run on the ENIAC however, were related to the design of the hydrogen bomb.
The contract was signed on June 5, 1943 and Project PX was constructed by the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering from July, 1943. It was unveiled on February 14, 1946 at Penn, having cost almost $500,000. ENIAC was shut down on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade, and was transferred to the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947. There, on July 29 of that year, it was turned on and would be in continuous operation until 11:45 p.m. on October 2, 1955.
ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania. The patent for the ENIAC, granted in 1964, was voided by the 1973 decision of the landmark federal court case Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, putting the invention of the electronic digital computer in the public domain.
I WOULD SAY THAT THE Z3 AND COLLOSUS R DA BEST EXAMPLES!!!
GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Why is my computer so sluggish?
DTP
I have not deliberately opened any program, yet my Free System Memory is only 7% and the number of Running Programs is 39. Is this normal?
Answer
System Managed Size. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory
How to set performance options in Windows XP = http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308417
Virtual Memory in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php = Pagefile in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php
Also see = MS Support Knowledge Base (KB) = http://support.microsoft.com/search/default.aspx?spid=global&query=virtual+memory&catalog=LCID%3D1033&pwt=false&title=false&kt=ALL&mdt=0&comm=1&ast=1&ast=2&ast=3&ast=8&ast=9&mode=a&x=18&y=13
+ http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308417 = How to set performance options in Windows XP
+ To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Memory = shsc.info/WindowsMemoryManagement = http://shsc.info/WindowsMemoryManagement
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory, and defragment at least once a week to keep free space on the hard drive. = ( "system managed size"). To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet
Virtual Memory and Pagefile in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
Go to and put in your system specs at = http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp = "Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer." + http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner
For a good price see: = http://www.newegg.com and/or
http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp - http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp
[L=Virtual Memory and Pagefile in Windows XP = aumha.org ]http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php[/L]
[L=Virtual Memory in Windows XP = aumha.org]http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php[/L]
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
[L=memtest.org]http://www.memtest.org/[/L]
Go to and put in your system specs at = [L=crucial.com ]crucial.com [/L] + [L=Crucial.com - Memory Module Installation Guides]http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp[/L] = "Eliminate the hassle and risk of getting the wrong memory â guaranteed or your money back! In just 3 easy steps our Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer."
[L=The Crucial System Scanner]http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner/[/L] = " The Crucial System Scanner automatically detects your computer's information and gives you the details you need to purchase a compatible upgrade. To run the Crucial System Scanner, you need Microsoft Windows 95 or higher. "
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory.
( "system managed size").
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet System Managed Size.
Adjusting Virtual Memory Settings in Windows XP = http://www.avid.com/onlinesupport/supportcontent.asp?productID=0&contentID=6999&typeID=2
To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
[L=memtest.org]http://www.memtest.org/[/L]
Go to and put in your system specs at = [L=crucial.com ]crucial.com [/L] + [L=Crucial.com - Memory Module Installation Guides]http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp[/L] = "Eliminate the hassle and risk of getting the wrong memory â guaranteed or your money back! In just 3 easy steps our Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer."
[L=The Crucial System Scanner]http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner/[/L] = " The Crucial System Scanner automatically detects your computer's information and gives you the details you need to purchase a compatible upgrade. To run the Crucial System Scanner, you need Microsoft Windows 95 or higher. "
For a good price see: = [L=newegg]http://www.newegg.com[/L] and/or
http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp - [L=http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp]http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp[/L]
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory.
( "system managed size").
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet System Managed Size.
Check to be sure you don't have un-needed/too many programs running at start-up by using either
= CodeStuff Starter = http://www.snapfiles.com/get/starter.html +
or
Mike Lin - Startup Control Panel = http://www.mlin.net/StartupCPL.shtml
System Managed Size. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory
How to set performance options in Windows XP = http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308417
Virtual Memory in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php = Pagefile in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php
Also see = MS Support Knowledge Base (KB) = http://support.microsoft.com/search/default.aspx?spid=global&query=virtual+memory&catalog=LCID%3D1033&pwt=false&title=false&kt=ALL&mdt=0&comm=1&ast=1&ast=2&ast=3&ast=8&ast=9&mode=a&x=18&y=13
+ http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308417 = How to set performance options in Windows XP
+ To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Memory = shsc.info/WindowsMemoryManagement = http://shsc.info/WindowsMemoryManagement
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory, and defragment at least once a week to keep free space on the hard drive. = ( "system managed size"). To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet
Virtual Memory and Pagefile in Windows XP = http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
Go to and put in your system specs at = http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp = "Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer." + http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner
For a good price see: = http://www.newegg.com and/or
http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp - http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp
[L=Virtual Memory and Pagefile in Windows XP = aumha.org ]http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php[/L]
[L=Virtual Memory in Windows XP = aumha.org]http://aumha.org/win5/a/xpvm.php[/L]
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
[L=memtest.org]http://www.memtest.org/[/L]
Go to and put in your system specs at = [L=crucial.com ]crucial.com [/L] + [L=Crucial.com - Memory Module Installation Guides]http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp[/L] = "Eliminate the hassle and risk of getting the wrong memory â guaranteed or your money back! In just 3 easy steps our Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer."
[L=The Crucial System Scanner]http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner/[/L] = " The Crucial System Scanner automatically detects your computer's information and gives you the details you need to purchase a compatible upgrade. To run the Crucial System Scanner, you need Microsoft Windows 95 or higher. "
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory.
( "system managed size").
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet System Managed Size.
Adjusting Virtual Memory Settings in Windows XP = http://www.avid.com/onlinesupport/supportcontent.asp?productID=0&contentID=6999&typeID=2
To change it: computer/propertes/advanced/performance/advanced/at the bottom change it.
Also it is possible that you could use more ram. How much ram do you have?
Test your ram with these: = Memtest86+ here: http://www.memtest.org
[L=memtest.org]http://www.memtest.org/[/L]
Go to and put in your system specs at = [L=crucial.com ]crucial.com [/L] + [L=Crucial.com - Memory Module Installation Guides]http://www.crucial.com/support/install.asp[/L] = "Eliminate the hassle and risk of getting the wrong memory â guaranteed or your money back! In just 3 easy steps our Memory Advisor⢠tool will show you exactly the right upgrade for your computer."
[L=The Crucial System Scanner]http://www.crucial.com/systemscanner/[/L] = " The Crucial System Scanner automatically detects your computer's information and gives you the details you need to purchase a compatible upgrade. To run the Crucial System Scanner, you need Microsoft Windows 95 or higher. "
For a good price see: = [L=newegg]http://www.newegg.com[/L] and/or
http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp - [L=http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp]http://www.zipzoomfly.com/jsp/Home.jsp[/L]
I found that it's best to have windows set to manage virtual memory.
( "system managed size").
Start/Control Panel/Performance and Maintenance/System/Advanced tab/Performance, Settings button/Advanced tab/Virtual Memory, Change button/bullet System Managed Size.
Check to be sure you don't have un-needed/too many programs running at start-up by using either
= CodeStuff Starter = http://www.snapfiles.com/get/starter.html +
or
Mike Lin - Startup Control Panel = http://www.mlin.net/StartupCPL.shtml
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